The Vietnamese language has been shaped not only by Chinese rule, but also by periods of independence as well as periods of French colonization. Closely affiliated with Cantonese, Vietnamese is a “tonal language” having six different tones. While it used to rely on the Chinese script, in the 20th century that was replaced with the Latin alphabet, making Vietnamese look more similar to English but with several diacritical marks. In its modern form, Vietnamese is now spoken by approximately 86 million people worldwide which makes it the 21st most spoken language globally (babbel.com). While it is the official language of Vietnam, there are about 4.5 million Vietnamese speakers living outside Vietnam. These speakers contribute to a vibrant diaspora in countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia, and France.
In France, where over half of the Vietnamese population of Europe resides, there are approximately 400,000 people of Vietnamese descent. Another notable population of Vietnamese speakers in Europe is in Germany which has about 111,000 speakers of the language. In the Czech Republic, Vietnamese is recognized as an official language even though the population of speakers is roughly half that found in Germany. Australia, on the other hand, has a significant Vietnamese community with around 321,000 people speaking the language and another 281,810 claiming Vietnamese heritage (2021 Australia Census). In Canada, Vietnamese speakers total roughly 240,000 and reside mostly in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. But the largest population of Vietnamese speakers outside of Vietnam is in the United States.
After the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, large numbers of Vietnamese people migrated to the United States. In the U.S. today, there are an estimated 2.3 million people of Vietnamese descent. And, with over 1.5 million speakers, Vietnamese is the sixth most spoken language in the United States (census.gov). The Vietnamese-speaking population is predominantly concentrated in California and Texas, which together account for more than half of all Vietnamese speakers in the country. In fact, San Francisco recently made Vietnamese one of the official languages of the city. With nearly 6,800 speakers, it is the fourth largest language population (after English, Chinese and Spanish). Other states with significant Vietnamese-speaking communities include Washington, Florida, and Virginia.
In Iowa, there are approximately 8,500 speakers of Vietnamese, making up about .3% of the population. Almost half of the Vietnamese speakers in the state reside in and around the capitol of Des Moines. In Scott County, there are about 1,300 speakers, which is the second most spoken foreign language in the county after Spanish (4,700) and more than twice as many as the number of German speakers, which is just 600 (MLA Language Map). Just over 800 Vietnamese speakers reside in Davenport.
Acquiring a new language like Vietnamese can improve cognitive abilities, such as memory and problem-solving skills, and increase cultural awareness and empathy. Learning a new language can be a rewarding endeavor, offering insights into a rich cultural heritage and enhancing communication within diverse communities. And, unlike some other foreign languages, you don’t need to learn a new alphabet when learning Vietnamese. However, the grammar and sentence structure do differ significantly from English and you will need to factor in learning the six different tones.
If you are interested in learning the Vietnamese language, check out some of the FREE resources available to you at The Library. See our online catalog or ask a Librarian for more resources.
FOR A QUICK INTRODUCTION TO THE LANGUAGE:
FOR A MORE LAID-BACK APPROACH:
Vietnamese stories for language learners
69 more short Vietnamese stories for intermediate learners
IF YOU ARE A VISUAL LEARNER:
The Oxford picture dictionary. English/Vietnamese
MORE COMPREHENSIVE LANGUAGE COURSES:
Beginner’s Vietnamese : with online audio
Essential Vietnamese : speak Vietnamese with confidence!
Essential Vietnamese grammar : speak and write Vietnamese like a native!
And, as a Davenport Public Library cardholder, you have FREE access to the language learning program, Mango Languages.
FOR THOSE WHO PLAN TO TRAVEL:
Vietnamese phrase book & dictionary – Berlitz
Vietnamese phrasebook & dictionary – Lonely Planet
Essential Vietnamese phrasebook & dictionary
Tuttle pocket Vietnamese dictionary
NEXT MONTH… LEARN A LANGUAGE — Part 9 — CHINESE
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Globally, the Korean language is spoken by over 80 million people, primarily in South Korea (51.7 million) and North Korea (26.4 million). Beyond the Korean Peninsula, significant Korean-speaking communities exist due to historical migration, notably China with approximately 2 million speakers. Japan hosts about 500,000 Korean speakers, mainly descendants of Koreans who migrated during the early 20th century. Further abroad, the United States is home to around 1.8 million Korean speakers, with large communities in cities like Los Angeles, New York, and Washington D.C. Other countries with notable Korean-speaking populations include Russia, with approximately 250,000 speakers, and Canada, where around 218,000 individuals speak Korean (worlddata.info). Australia has a Korean-speaking population of about 102,000, primarily residing in New South Wales. Smaller communities are also found in countries such as Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and various European nations. These global communities maintain the Korean language through cultural institutions, schools, and media, preserving their linguistic heritage and contributing to the worldwide spread of Korean culture (britannica.com and pathtokorean.com).
But, according to a 2021 report from the language learning app, Duolingo, Korean is in the top 6 most popular languages to learn around the world (English, Spanish, French, German, Japanese, Italian, and Korean). The surge in interest in learning Korean is largely attributed to the global phenomenon known as the Korean Wave, or “Hallyu,” which encompasses the international popularity of Korean music, films, and television dramas. This cultural movement has significantly increased the number of non-native speakers learning Korean, as individuals seek to engage more deeply with Korean media and culture (linguakorean.com and asiasociety.org). Learning Korean opens doors to various career opportunities, especially in fields like international business, technology translation, and diplomacy. South Korea is home to global giants like Samsung, Hyundai, and LG, making knowledge of the Korean language an asset for professionals looking to engage in the East Asian market (koreatimes.com). Moreover, the U.S. government considers Korean a critical language, offering scholarships and career opportunities in agencies such as the CIA, Department of State, and NSA for individuals with Korean language skills.
The Italian language has a long and rich history in the United States. For centuries, especially during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, large numbers of Italians immigrated to the U.S. in search of a better life. They tended to settle in large cities where they established thriving Italian communities. Today, many of their descendants continue to speak Italian and maintain their cultural heritage. Roughly 764,000 people in the U.S. speak Italian at home according to the U.S. Census Bureau. New York and New Jersey have the highest number of native Italian speakers (294,000 and 116,000, respectively), but communities of Italian speakers can also be found across the country, especially in large cities like Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia, Boston, St. Louis, and Buffalo, among others. Italian is still an essential regional language in many American communities. Depending on the source, Italian is listed as high as the 4th (and as low as the 12th) most-studied foreign language in the United States. Since much language learning now occurs online or casually through an app, and not in a formal classroom setting, these numbers are difficult to confirm. 
Last month we covered the Spanish language and the resources offered by The Library. This month, we’ll take a look at French. While not a commonly spoken language here in the Quad Cities, or even in Iowa, French is the 5th most spoken language in the world. With 321 million speakers (111 million who speak it as their mother tongue), French speakers make up 3.6% of the world population. French is also the 4th most used language on the internet (Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs) and is one of the only languages with speakers on every continent. With 74 French-speaking countries, French is considered a world language. Only 39 countries and independent states use French as their official or common language (Worlddata.info) and the language is at least partly spoken as a mother tongue in as many as 12 other countries.
