International Association of Machinists Biennial Convention of 1911

The 14th biennial convention of the International Association of Machinists took place right across the street from us at the Hotel Davenport. The convention lasted nearly 2 weeks, beginning on Monday, September 18th, and closing on September 29, 1911.

The first to arrive at Davenport on Sunday, September 10th were President James O’Connell of Washington, DC; secretary-treasurer George Preston of Washington, DC; Members of the executive committee: Hugh Doran of Chicago; E.L. Tucker of Washington; J.A. Reynolds of Cleveland; A.E. Ireland of Pittsburgh; and R.G. Cook of Seattle; Members of the law committee: Arch McGillivery of Birmingham; J.A. Taylor of Seattle; Thomas Buckley of Providence; and D.E. McCallum of Winnipeg.

William Baumbeck, chairman of the program committee, was in charge of arranging the entertainment for the delegates. An automobile tour of the tri-cities and a visit to the Arsenal were planned for Monday, September 18th. The local lodges hosted an event at Industrial Hall in Rock Island on Tuesday, September 19th. A banquet and concert by Petersen’s Band at Schuetzen Park were scheduled for Wednesday, September 20th. Lodge 548 hosted an event at the Moline Turner Lodge on Friday, September 22. Mississippi River excursions aboard the steamers Wenona and Columbia were scheduled for Sunday, September 24. A grand ball was given at the Coliseum on Tuesday, September 26th.

The 4 local unions hosting the festivities were No. 388 of Davenport, No. 81 Rock Island Arsenal lodge, No. 548 machinists working in shops in Rock Island and Moline, and No. 695 machinists working at the Silvis shops.

The executive committee arranged the handling of the convention. They heard appeals from decisions made by the board during the preceding 2 years and considered requests by various locals for endorsement of strikes.

The law committee met first to consider recommendations for amendments to the constitution by local chapters throughout the country. J.A. Taylor of Seattle, WA was elected chairman. The committee presented its report on Tuesday, September 19th.

Speakers at the opening of the convention, which took place at 10 am in the auditorium on the 6th floor of the hotel, included A.L. Urick, president of the Iowa State Federation of Labor, Congressman L.S. Pepper of Muscatine, B.W. Newton, president of the Tri-City Federation of Labor, and Davenport Mayor Alfred Mueller.

Delegates to the Women’s Auxiliary convention met jointly with the men for the opening ceremony, then moved to the new Kimball auditorium. Mrs. J.A. Kaps, secretary of the Toledo, OH branch of the women’s auxiliary to the I.A.M. gave a speech:

How man of you men have wives at home spending your hard-earned dollars for scab goods?

There is a great necessity that the wives and daughters of the machinists be organized so that they can learn something of trades unionism. At the present time the franchise is being exteded to women, but they are going to the polls with no adequate knowledge of the trade union movement.

Most people think our auxiliary is organized for social purposes, but that is the smallest part of our purpose. We are banded together not for charity’s sake but for purely business purposes. Whenever the women of the country, wives of laborers, are organized, there will be no more sweat shops, and there will be more hapier homes among the working people when the wife as well as the husband understands the principles of trade unionism.

Mrs. J.A. Kaps, secretary of the Toledo, OH branch of the women’s auxiliary to the I.A.M.

The delegates voted to elect members to the following committees:

  • Grievance Committee
  • Credentials Committee
  • Committee on committees
  • Special Committee on Federal Trades
  • Railway
  • Navy and Arsenal employees
  • Extension of Organization
  • Piece Work
  • Resolutions
  • Appeals and Grievances
  • Legislation
  • Officers Reports
  • Federated Trades

The union drafted several resolutions in opposition to the proposed “Taylor System” in government Navy yards and arsenals. $5,000 were appropriated for the campaign for the 8-Hour Law to be used in the coming year. A referendum was called to abolish the “district” system and centralize all the trades under the “federation” plan.

On the last day of the convention, the union authorized a strike of railway shopmen on the Illinois Central and Harriman lines. 40,000 workers including machinists, boilermakers, sheet metal workers, and pipemen were affected. They demanded the recognition of the federation of 5 allied trades, known as the “System federation.”

The souvenir program was distributed on opening day. The returns from advertising were expected to foot the entertainment bill for the convention. Below are scans of some of the pages.

(posted by Cristina)

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Heading Back to Campus: Collegiate Yearbooks

As college campuses revive with the activities of students moving into the dormitories, attending classes, and studying in every conceivable place, we wanted to share a resource for those searching for faculty, students, and other aspects of collegiate life over the years. One common type yearbook comes to mind when thinking of yearbooks, it is not the college yearbook.

This valuable resource should not be over looked because it has a wealth of information for historians, genealogists, and the curious observer! It helps one gain an understanding of the development of students as the pass from high school onto life on a college campus.

In the following college yearbooks, one will discover a place that is dedicated to educating not only to those who attended the classes, but also taught them. The Richardson-Sloane Special Collections Center holds a number of yearbooks for colleges and universities in Davenport and surrounding areas.

St. Ambrose University- The Ambrosian & The Oaks

Turn the pages of this local Davenport university and step through time. We have yearbooks dating from 1941-1984 with some years missing. One may view the digitized St. Ambrose University by following the following link: https://cdm16810.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16810coll2/search

We found this neat map of the campus from 1984. Here is the digitized version: https://cdm16810.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16810coll2/id/6971/rec/50

Marycrest College

Marycrest College was another Davenport University, but unfortunately the school closed in 2002. Marycrest’s yearbook went by the name of the college and later Kaleidoscope. The yearbooks we have date from 1948-1978 with years missing. We hope we can house a complete collection one day.

Palmer College of Chiropractic- The Fountainhead Yearbook

We only have one Palmer College of Chiropractic yearbook in our collection. It dates from 1977-1978. If one was curious about this publications, one can visit the Palmer Archives and Special Collections or view the publications by following this link.

St. Luke’s School of Nursing- Hourglass

St. Luke’s Nursing Training School for Nurses was a well-known educational facility in Davenport. Many a young nurse maturated from its classes. We only have one yearbook book for the year 1964.

Coe College- The Acorn

Only two of this Cedar Rapids based college’s yearbooks are housed in the collection. They date from 1933-1934. Coe College has digitized its yearbooks here: http://coecollege.advantage-preservation.com/.

University of Iowa- The Hawkeye

To many of us in Iowa, Hawkeye means many things, but in this instance, we are referring to The Hawkeye the university’s yearbook. We house volumes dating from 1896-1986. The University of Iowa has the yearbook available for viewing here: https://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/yearbooks.

Iowa State University- The Bomb

We have The Bomb dating from 1920 to 1992. Iowa State University’s yearbooks are viewable here: https://digitalcollections.lib.iastate.edu/islandora/object/isu:TheBomb and https://digital.lib.iastate.edu/bomb-isu-yearbook/1900s.

Augustana College- The Rockety-I

The Rockety-I from across the Mississippi River in Rock Island houses history of Augustana College’s students. The yearbooks in our collection date from 1949-1968.

We hope you find these resources as useful as we do!

(posted by Kathryn)

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“Last Seen” and the Black Community in Davenport

A valuable resource for discovering more details about the families of Davenport’s post-Civil War Black community is Last Seen: Finding Family After Slavery, an online database of advertisements “placed in newspapers across the United States (and beyond) by formerly enslaved people searching for family members and loved ones after emancipation.”

The “Last Seen” database allows searching by location; three advertisements were placed with return addresses in Davenport, Iowa. The earliest of these appeared in the Christian Recorder (Philadelphia, PA) on July 1, 1865. Mrs. Fannie Robinson was in search of her husband, Cayrel.

The Christian Recorder (Philadelphia, PA), 1 July 1865

A search for Fannie and Cayrel Robinson in standard genealogical sources has yielded no results other than a card in the 1915 State Census of Iowa for Ottumwa. This Fannie Robinson is described as a Black woman, widowed, age 71, and born in Missouri:

Fannie Robinson in the 1915 State Census of Iowa for Ottumwa

However, the designated recipient of Fannie’s hoped-for information, P. C. Cooper, is much easier to find: He was one of the four founders of the African Methodist Episcopal congregation in Davenport.

Cooper appears in Root’s Davenport City Directory for 1867 as Peter:

The 1868-9 directory has him living at the same address, Griswold College, where he was also employed as a janitor.

Fannie may have requested that Peter Cooper place her advertisement, as he was a leader in the A.M.E Church and the Christian Recorder was its official newspaper. With its nation-wide circulation, the Recorder offered the best chance for separated members of Black families to find one another.

In March of the following year, the Christian Recorder published another advertisement with a Davenport return address. Lucinda Reynolds sought the whereabouts of her parents:

The Christian Recorder (Philadelphia, PA), 31 Mar 1866

While we cannot know if Lucinda ever reunited with her parents, the advertisement in the “Last Seen” database reveals their names, the name of a slaveholder, and a location.

Is it possible that William and Matilda Reynolds were sold within Essex County, Virginia, and by 1870 worked among other Black families there as farm laborers? Did Lucinda have a younger brother, Joshua?

1870 US Census for Essex County, VA, showing members of the Rennolds family (1152)

And could their mother Matilda have been born in the Carolinas as a Jones?

Certificate of Death in Essex County, VA for Joshua B. Reynolds, 1916, showing his mother as Matilda Jones, born in “Carolina”

Just two months after placing the advertisement, Lucinda Reynolds’s marriage to a man named Henry Simons would be recorded in Scott County. The witness to the union was none other than Peter C. Cooper. As it turns out, Simons, like Cooper, was an original trustee of the A.M.E. congregation in Davenport.

Davenport Daily Gazette, 30 Nov 1865, page 4

In a third advertisment published in the Christian Recorder, Davenport resident Emma Ashe Pitts sought information about two children she had not seen in nearly 50 years:

The Christian Recorder (Philadelphia, PA), 10 Oct 1895

Sadly, Emma Pitts died in July of the following year, making it unlikely she received any response to her inquiry. And while we find no evidence of Mary Francis or Julius Ashe, we have been able to uncover some details about her own life. Her obituary, published in the Daily Times on 7 July 1896 indicates she was a member of the Third Baptist Church and that she was born in Norfolk, Virginia. The Mrs. Andrew Pitts who told the Davenport Weekly Times in May 1872 that “she had been a Methodist forty years, but had at last opened her eyes to the true church” after being baptized in the Mississippi River by Rev. Walker of the Third Baptist Church, was likely Emma. The 1885 State Census of Iowa confirms that Emma and Andrew lived together in Davenport, and that her birthplace was Virginia. Could this Andrew Pitts, born in Missouri about 1830 and described in the Davenport city directories of the 1890s as a “whitewasher,” have been the same Andrew Pitts who served in Company G of the 56th US Colored Infantry?

While the answers to these questions about Black families in Davenport may remain elusive, the “Last Seen” database opens more possible avenues of inquiry.

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A Century of Back to School

A new school year is upon us! Fresh pencils, new beginnings, stomach butterflies, and of course….

NEW SHOES AND CLOTHES!

Here is a century of back-to-school fashion from 1900-2000 available from our local business establishments!

The 1900s

The 1910s

The 1920s

The 1930s

The 1940s

The 1950s

The 1960s

The 1970s

The 1980s

The 1990s

The 2000s

We hope all the students have a great 2022-2023 School Year!

(posted by Karen)

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In Memoriam: Rochelle Ann Murray

We were saddened to learn of the passing of longtime Davenport Public Library Children’s Librarian, Miss Rochelle Murray, who died on Sunday, July 31, 2022, at the age of 85.

Rochelle Ann Murray was born December 14, 1936, at Mercy Hospital in Davenport, Scott County, Iowa. She was the only child of Walter Raymond Murray, a truck driver for Mengel’s Meat Market, and Lila Bernice Kroeger, a private duty nurse. The family lived at 522 Cedar Street in the West End of Davenport.

Rochelle attended Hayes School, Frank L. Smart Jr. High School, and graduated from Davenport High School in 1955. She was in the French Club, Spanish Club, Girl’s Glee Club, Band, Student Council, and Semester Honor Roll. She graduated from Marycrest College in 1959 where she majored in Speech and minored in Library Science. She received her Master in Library Science degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1968, after taking Summer classes for 5 years.

Miss Murray started shelving books at the Davenport Public Library when she was 13 years old. She conducted her first puppet play entitled “Meet George and His Friends” on January 13, 1951, when she was just 14 years old. She worked as a Library Page until graduating from college, then was named Young People’s, Film, and Records Librarian in 1959, and was Director of Adult Services in 1964. She became the Children’s Librarian when Mrs. Vira Blankenburg retired in 1965.

She was a founding member of the Davenport Chapter of Kappa Gamma Pi, a national honor society for graduates of Catholic women’s colleges in 1959. Along with local author David R. Collins, she began the Mississippi Valley Children’s Literature Festival and the Midwest Writing Center in 1980. She had a radio program on WOC for 18 years and was the host of the TV show “Conversations with Rochelle,” which ran on the city’s public access TV station.

Miss Rochelle Murray retired from the Davenport Public Library on December 31, 2003. At her retirement party, the Library Board of Trustees named the Rochelle A. Murray Children’s Center in her honor. After retiring she continued to volunteer and organize literary programs and festivals for children and adults in the Quad Cities.

Rochelle’s genuine love for children and reading was evident to anyone who had the pleasure of meeting or working with her. We remember her fondly and will miss her dearly.

(posted by Cristina)

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Small Towns of Scott County: Read Beyond the Beaten Path

We’re over halfway done with our Summer Reading Program for 2022! If you are looking for other activities to check off your reading log, we have a couple options for you! The two activities are “Read a book with a location in its title” and “Read a book about the Quad City area”. It doesn’t mean you can’t use these books for other activities on the list either!

We selected a lineup of books with Scott County small town names in their titles. We encourage you to explore and learn about the communities that make up Scott County. They are rich in history and full of interesting characters.

Map of Scott County, Iowa, Dickerson Map Service, 1941.
2021-28: Scott County, Iowa Map by Dickerson Map Service.

This is a map produced by Dickerson Map Service 208 Nineteenth Street, Rock Island, Illinois, and sponsored by Joe Wagner Realty Co. Davenport, Iowa – H.F. Roggenkamp Farm Broker.

Blue Grass

This souvenir booklet celebrates the centennial of Blue Grass’s platting in 1853. First settlers arrived in 1836! It provides a history of the town, a list of early settlers, and photocopied images of the town, its buildings, and its people.

America’s Bicentennial in 1976 was a wellspring for reflecting and writing about one’s community history! In our collections, we have a number of similar titles like this one that covers the 140-year history of Blue Grass. This book contains histories of the town, township, and its people. It also includes expanded sections on transportation methods, lists of past leadership roles such as a list of mayors, notable firsts for the town, and information about social life and businesses. Another unique characteristic of this book is that it features advertisements from Blue Grass and the surrounding cities’ businesses and organizations.

Catherine Guy wrote this fascinating repository of facts, images, and stories for the sesquicentennial of Blue Grass. She spans the history of Blue Grass from prehistory to 2003! There is something to interest everyone in the book!

Buffalo

Buffalo, one of the river towns in Scott County, started as a land claim by Captain Benjamin W. Clark born in Virginia in 1797. In 1833, he and his family crossed the Mississippi River from Andalusia, Illinois to begin developing this inviting land. In May 1836, the town of Buffalo was platted and named after Buffalo, New York where Dr. Pillsbury a recent landowner was a former resident. This history of Buffalo by the resident, Reverend Ronald D. Larson, shows that every town no matter how small has a history worth telling.

Dixon

A Written and Pictorial History of Dixon, Iowa, by Amy Flynn, 2004.
Call Number: SC 977.769 FLY

This history of Dixon was first written by Roger Dahms for the town’s centennial celebrations in 1954 and was continued and expanded by Amy Flynn for its sesquicentennial in 2004. Amy’s research included adding more historical photos of Dixon’s history. Roger’s history of Dixon gathers together family histories of early settlers, information about the early industry, education, and religious organizations as well as about their sports teams and boom years.

Durant

Durant Centennial, July 31 – August 1, 1954, by The Durant Centennial Committee, 1954. Call Number: SC 977.766 Dur

The town of Durant lies in three counties: Scott, Cedar, and Muscatine. At the time this history was published the authors state that it was a Cedar County community. This history covers the history of Durant from its platting in 1854 by Benjamin B. Brayton to 1954, a hundred years latter. It features a historical overview of the town and its peoples.

Eldridge

Eldridge, Iowa, 100 Years, 1871-1971 Centennial, 1971. Call Number: SC 917.7697 Eld

Jacob M. Eldridge arrived in Davenport in 1845. He worked as one of the first land agents and had dealing with railroad companies. Eldridge was surveyed in 1870 by Tom Murry and laid out by Jacob Eldridge. In 1871, Eldridge was established and was first know as Eldridge Junction. It was developed because the railroad passed through that area.

This history shares information about who the first settlers were, what they did for their livings, and how they socialized and created the community which is still thriving.

Le Claire

Dorothy Lage’s history of Le Claire is a valuable resource for anyone interested in this river town’s past. It shares Le Claire’s beginnings starting in 1833 with a planned townsite by Antoine Le Claire with the assistance of George Davenport, Enoch March, and John Reynolds. The town was not laid out officially until 1836. Nearby the village of Parkhurst was already being developed. It would later be incorporated into the city of Le Claire.

Dorothy writes about Le Claire’s charming and pastoral history including its river pilots, Buffalo Bill, and the Green Tree! She provides access to those topics and much more in this book!

Long Grove

This fourteen-page history is not short of information about the small town of Long Grove. Each page is overflowing with information about Long Grove. A particularly interesting story is about the James Brownlie house. It was constructed in 1830s from blocks of mud mixed with prairie grass also known as sod! It was a rare construction for this area. The building is still standing and can be visited by the public.

Eleanor shares the community’s involvement in Scott County’s growth in the late 1800s and early 1900s as well as national events such as the Civil War and the world wars.

Maysville/Amity

The town of Maysville began as a communal established by six Schleswig-Holstein army officers who dreams of starting a cooperative farming venture. This was called Amity. After a few years, the communal was disbanded, and in 1851, Captain James May purchased land in Section 15 of Hickory Grove township. W. P. Campbell, a surveyor, platted the town of Maysville in August 1856.

Maysville grew and flourished similarly to other towns in Scott County. This area was full of valuable farmland which sustained and nourished a rich agrarian culture of 4H clubs and nature activities.

This history captures the town’s past and current history! It provides a number of intriguing images and stories about the area.

Pleasant Valley

A Study of the Onion Industry in Pleasant Valley, Iowa, by A. T. Erwin and W. L. Harter, 1925. Call Number: SC 635.25 Erw

This study of the onion industry which dominated the farming industry in Pleasant Valley was published in 1925. It surveyed its early history, the reasons why this land was chosen to grow onions, the effects of insects and diseases on onion crops, and a general overview of production associated with this crop.

This history is unlike the others in the list, because although it discusses the people who settled this area, it is focus on the industry that made the area well-known.

Princeton

Dorothy Lage wrote this history of Princeton after her history of Le Claire, its neighboring river town. Princeton was first settled in 1836. The town grew as the area around it was settled and developed. Dorothy writes about the many stories and people associated with Princeton. She devotes most of the book to the late 1800s and early 1900s. She shares images of the town and its people as well as maps of the land.

Riverdale

Riverdale is a small community nestled between Bettendorf and Pleasant Valley. It was incorporated on December 27, 1950. Its incorporation was spurred by the City of Bettendorf’s plans to annex the land that make up Riverdale. With a blend of agriculture and industry, this community developed and grew.

This history covers the early days of this area and its development into the town of Riverdale.

Walcott

Published in 1954 in celebration of Walcott’s Centennial anniversary, this book provides readers with a general overview of Walcott’s first 100 years. It features images of residents, building, and much more. Similar to other histories, it documents the town’s industrial growth and changes in transportation, communication and everyday life. The book offers lists of various business and important people in the community.

This history of Walcott spans only a few more than the one above, but it was commission to commemorate the United States’ Bicentennial in 1976. It contains similar information to the book above. It does differ by including poem submissions from residents as well as spotlights of prominent social organizations of the time.

Walcott: The Early Years, 1854-1954 is a pictorial history emphasizing images of its residents and their activities, its buildings, and its businesses.

We hope this inspires you to visit the towns that make up Scott County and learn about our area’s vibrant and interesting history.

(posted by Kathryn)

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Gordon-Van Tine Barns and Farm Buildings

Architectural historians have firmly placed the Gordon-Van Tine Company of Davenport, Iowa among the leaders of the mail-order “kit-house” business of the early 20th century. [1] [2] From the 19-teens through the Second World War, customers all over the United States could order a design from a Gordon-Van Tine catalog and receive the blueprints and specifications, pre-cut lumber, millwork, cabinetry, hardware, finishes, roofing, and other building materials necessary (and desired) to complete an entire home directly from the company, eliminating the “middle man.” The RSSC Center is fortunate to have several of these catalogs in its collection; they have been used to identify some of the estimated 1000+ Gordon-Van Tine “Ready-Cut” houses built in the Quad-Cities area and elsewhere. [2]

But did you know the Gordon-Van Tine Company also sold ready-made kit barns to its customers?

Yes! Barns and several other types of farm buildings, too.

Included in the final pages of the company’s very first catalog, the 1907 Book of Plans for Everybody, were 7 different barn designs as well as the “Inexpensive Barn,” and the “Residence Barn” pictured above. Plans for a hog house, cattle shed, chicken house, duck house, granary, corn crib, and an ice house were also on offer.

Gordon-Van Tine’s Building Materials catalogs also included products of interest to farmers. These metal items, batten and ventilators “especially for barns,” were available in the 1915 Architectural Details :

The 1918 Building Materials catalog included this advertisement for the Barn Equipment Booklet:

The earliest Gordon-Van Tine mail-order catalog devoted exclusively to farm buildings (we believe) was published in 1917. It touted the “carefully, painstakingly”-assembled Farm Building Department, headed by the “Barn Man,” Mr. Kirkpatrick.

As with the houses, the Gordon-Van Tine Company’s barns and farm buildings were designed to be easily built by the average person:

The company advertised extensively in the local newspapers, as well as farm journals and magazines:

The testimonials in the booklet Photographs and Letters: Some Gordon-Van Tine Barns and What Their Owners Think of Them (SC 728.92 GORDO VAN 1919? and online) told of just how successful the barn and farm building line had become for the company in a short period of time.

Kit-barn enthusiast Robert J. “Bob” Kisken* has photographed some of these still-standing Gordon-Van Tine models and matched them with those in the book:

We are grateful to him for donating copies of his photographs and research files to the RSSC Center (Gordon Van Tine Barns Collection, #2017-26 and the Kisken Kit Barn Research Collection, #2018-26)! There are more to view at the Iowa State University Special Collections.

Stop by to peruse our original copy of the Gordon-Van Tine 1923 Farm Buildings catalog (SC 728.92 Gor) to compare with the plans from earlier years and understand more about the development of the ready-cut system.

And please let us know if you spot any Gordon-Van Tine farm buildings in our area!

(posted by Katie)

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[1] Hunter, Rebecca L. “Historical Architectural Research,” kithouse.org.

[2] Wolicki, Dale Patrick. Gordon-Van Tine Company. Bay City, MI: D. Wolicki, c2002. (SC 728 Wo)

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Travel by Stagecoach: Read Beyond the Beaten Path

With the arrival of the first stagecoach in 1837, the state of Iowa welcomed its second kind of public transportation after steamboats, which first began cruising the Upper Mississippi River in 1827. They carried mail, passengers, and their baggage.

The first routes centered around Burlington, Iowa, which was the largest village in southeastern Iowa and became the 2nd capital of the Territory of Wisconsin in 1836. The Federal government made contracts for delivering mail through designated post roads when demand called for it. Getting mail and news to and from the territorial government was the priority.

Stagecoach routes usually followed the same trails used by Native Americans, bypassing creeks and wet or swampy land and marshes. Early settlers used the same routes with their ox carts or wagons, cutting deep ruts into the soil with their wheels. These dirt roads eventually became highways.

Drivers made stops at 10-mile stations, exchanging their tired horses for a fresh set of horses ready to go on the next leg of the journey. The change could be made in a minute or two. There were stations at the post office in Center Grove, the post office in Lackton west of Durant, a hotel in Round Grove west of Plainview, a tavern in Maysville (or Amity as it was called then), and one east of Blue Grass on Highway 61 South, north of the Jamestown Road.

Morton M. McCarver won the contract for the mail route from Burlington to Davenport – 81 miles in 37 hours – which began running in January 1838, with stops at post offices in Jacksonville (Yellow Springs), Florence, Black Hawk (Toolsborough), Wapello, Harrison, Grand View, “Mouth of Pine”, Muscatine (Bloomington), Geneva, Wyoming, Iowa (Montpelier), and Clark’s Ferry (Glendale/West Buffalo). This route connected at Stephenson (Rock Island) with a stage line to Galena, Illinois, which linked with the Chicago stages at Dixon’s Ferry.

According to Rudy Bluedorn, Walcott rural mail carrier who researched and traced stagecoach lines in Scott County in 1962, there were 7 stagecoach lines in Davenport between 1837 and 1856:

  • Davenport to Muscatine through West Liberty to Iowa City
  • Davenport to Iowa City through Center Grove near Durant via Petersburg Road
  • Davenport through Maysville, Bennett, and Tipton to Marion, operated by Frink & Walker
  • Davenport through Allen’s Grove, Dixon, Big Rock to Anamosa
  • Davenport to Blue Grass, to the river, to Muscatine, operated by Western Stage Lines
  • Davenport to Dubuque through Vandenburg and Andrew
  • One that followed the Mississippi River upstream from Davenport

It took 10 hours to travel from Davenport to Iowa City. The average speed was between 5 and 8 miles per hour. Fares cost anywhere between 5 and 10 cents per mile, depending on the season and if there was competition from other lines.

Colton, Kenneth E. “The Stagecoach Comes to Iowa,” Annals of Iowa Vol. 35 No. 3 Winter, 1960

Mail Contracts

  • 1838 Burlington to Davenport – Morton M. McCarver
  • 1839 Davenport to Rochester – Ansel Briggs
  • 1840 Dubuque to Davenport – Parker & Donaldson
  • 1842 Stephenson (Rock Island) to Davenport – John Wilson
  • 1842 Dubuque to Davenport to Stephenson – Ansel Briggs – $1.50
  • 1844 Davenport to Dubuque – Beers & St. John – $4
  • 1845 Davenport to Iowa City – Joe Albin
  • 1849 Davenport to Iowa City – M.P. Donahey
  • 1849 Davenport to Oskaloosa – W.W. Kendall
  • 1854 Iowa City to Muscatine to Davenport – Western Stage Co.
  • 1850s Ft. Des Moines to Davenport – Western Stage Co.
  • 1850s Davenport to Des Moines to Council Bluffs – Western Stage Co.
  • 1855 Keokuk to Davenport – Western Stage Co.

The Concord Coach

The 2,500 pound Concord stagecoach cost between $1,200 and $1,500. They were made of oak, with iron bands, and brass, and were mounted on oxhide leather strips. They were painted in bright colors, either olive green or vermillion red, and the inside had panels with landscapes or historical characters. The windows had shutters or blinds instead of glass. They were oval-shaped with a flat top for baggage and had a triangular leather-covered space in the back called the “boot” that held more baggage. Inside were 3 seats large enough to seat 3 passengers each, the front seat facing the rear. The driver sat in front, high above the horses, holding the reins with his left hand and using his right hand to control the slack and wield the whip. They were drawn by 4 horses.

Hacks or Jerkies

Smaller, less comfortable, lighter spring mud wagons with white muslin cloth tops and no doors. Up to 4 Passengers entered through an opening above the lower paneling and sat on benches with no backs. They had broad, high wheels held by wooden pins, designed to drive through mudholes. If the pins broke off or slipped out passengers were expected to help dig them out of the mud using a fence rail.

Iowa Sun, March 5, 1842

Western Stage Co.

On May 26, 1854, the Western Stage Company bought Frink & Co. They ceased operations in Iowa on June 30, 1870.

3 factors helped the success of stagecoach travel in Iowa: The Gold Rush and influx of emigrants passing through the state in the 1850s, the need to transport passengers to and from the railroad, and the disruption of railroad construction caused by the Civil War.

The stagecoach was an uncomfortable and inconvenient mode of transportation. It was more expensive than traveling on a steamboat. They were very slow and needed to leave very early in the morning to get as much daylight as possible. It was bumpy, muddy, and freezing cold. Once the railroads expanded their service, there was no looking back.

(posted by Cristina)

Sources:

Arpy, Jim, “Stagecoach Routes,” Times-Democrat. July 8, 1962

Briggs, John Ely, “Exploring the History of Iowa,” Davenport Democrat. January 7, 1935

Briggs, John Ely, Iowa Old and New. [The University Publishing Co. : 1939]

Burrows, John McDowell, Fifty Years in Iowa. [Davenport, Iowa : 1888]

Colton, Kenneth E., “Stagecoach Travel in Iowa,” Annals of Iowa vol. 22, no. 3. January 1940

Colton, Kenneth E., “The Stagecoach Comes to Iowa,” Annals of Iowa vol. 35, no. 3. Winter 1960

Corbin, Bernie, “Joseph Albin Carried Mail in 1850,” Iowa City Press-Citizen. July 10, 1951

Grahame, Orville Francis, “Stagecoach Days,” The Palimpsest vol. 5, no. 5. May 1924

Hoffman, Mildred Albin, “Stagecoach and Pioneer Mail Carrier,” The Cedar County Historical Review. July 1965

Iowa Sun. August 11, 1838; December 25, 1839; March 5, 1842; June 25, 1842

Pratt, LeRoy, “Ten Cents a Mile and a Fence Rail,” Annals of Iowa vol. 39, no. 8. Spring 1969

Scovel, Donald, Tips for Stagecoach Travelers: Explorations in Iowa History Project. [1970-?]

Tanner, Halpin, & Co., Davenport, Rock Island, & Moline Directory, 1858-9.

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A Beautiful Place: A Letter about Davenport of July 1842

This newsy July 1842 letter addressed to “Aunt” Elizabeth B. Langdon from Ellen Harris describes her ten-day journey along the Ohio River, then to the mighty Mississippi River as Ellen, husband William, her mother, and perhaps other family made their way from Cincinnati, Ohio to their new Davenport, Iowa home.

“When we left the Ohio river it was night but we all got up to see the meeting of two mighty rivers the effect was quite sublime seen by the light of moon just rising – it is as a place where three ways meet__ On entering the Mississippi the scene changed to bold and rocky shores on Sunday we passed some magnificent rocks (at least to my unpracticed eye) some that appeared to rise perpendicular to the height of 150 to 200 feet some with snug cottages perched upon the utmost summit and the majestic river washed the base-others with tall shot towers on their top looking as if the wind might prove too powerful although built of solid rock-on the same day we passed an Island composed of rock rearing its head high in the midst of the waters we also passed his Satanic majesty’s tea-table and bake-oven and several other curiosities equally as well named.”

Quote from the Letter of Ellen Harris.

 “Satanic majesty’s tea table and bake oven” were unfamiliar landmarks to me. No luck with the tea table, but a bit of digging revealed that below St. Louis on the Mississippi there is a spot called Devil’s Bake Oven, and nearby is an island that may be the one she describes as “composed of rock rearing its head high”. It is called Tower Rock.

Tower Rock is a small, rocky limestone island on the Missouri side of the Mississippi River. Growing from the top of the rock is a small forest of beech, pine, oak, and hickory. The rock has long been feared by riverboat captains because of the rapid current that swirls at its base, but when water levels drop, the island is easily accessed by walking over the dry limestone riverbed. Tower Rock was used as a navigational point for early explorers. It was visited by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, with Lewis writing about this location in his journal over 200 years ago.

Well, Ellen Harris wrote about it 180 years ago, just 20 years later. We have proof!

Tower Rock, View on the Mississippi – Karl Bodmer (1839)

Mrs. Harris then moves on to her present life in Davenport sharing descriptions of the burgeoning city, its surroundings, neighbors, and daily affairs.  The family was living in a house with nine rooms at Third and Main Streets.

Mrs. Harris goes on to mention the healthy environment, Methodist religious affairs and describes a picnic held on the island providing an extraordinary historic primary source description of Davenport, Iowa in 1842. The letter is folded carefully and sealed with a spot of wax that has long since peeled off, leaving only a red stain. Perhaps another of the city’s proprietors, Antoine LeClaire, (Davenport’s postmaster) carried the letter for Ellen Harris to be mailed.

The couple seems to have left Scott County in about 1858, moving to Adair County, Iowa, then Vincennes, Indiana. Both Ellen’s parents, Joseph and Mary Woodward, and brother, Benjamin Beckwith Woodward, settled in Davenport as well.

We hope you will explore this and the many other primary source materials available to you in the Richardson-Sloane Special Collections Center very soon.

Sources:

Accession 2018-18.0067 Ellen Harris correspondence

Historical Maps Book:  A State-by-State Atlas of U.S. History, 1790-1900 by Dolan

John Caspar Wild:  painter and printmaker of nineteenth-century urban America by Reps

https://www.greatriverroad-illinois.org/Tower-Rock

https://collection.crystalbridges.org/objects/2512/towerrock-view-on-the-mississippi#

http://southernmostillinoishistory.net/what-is-the-devils-backbone/

(posted by Karen)

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Saluting the Sailor Suit

With the approaching July 4th holiday, we decided to celebrate the endearing tradition of children’s sailor suits.

Introduced from England shortly before the U.S. Civil War, these small outfits were designed to resemble uniforms worn by Navy sailors. By the 1870s, the sailor suit had begun to rise in popularity for younger boys. By the early 1900s, styles included knickers or short pants. The younger the boy, the shorter the pants. The sailor suit stayed popular for boys through the 1930s.

Girls also had a style of sailor suit. The sailor dress or suit became popular for females around 1900 inspired by tailor Peter Thomson. Unlike boys who usually moved away from sailor suits around the ages of 10 – 12; the sailor dress or suit might be worn by younger women as well as girls. The popularity of the sailor dress lasted through World War II before falling out of favor.

Sailor suits were frequently made of linen fabric for summer and wool for winter. Short socks, sometimes with designs on the cuff, or wool or cotton stockings kept legs seasonably cool or warm. An undershirt or dicky was commonly worn underneath, but sometimes removed for warmer weather. While only one of our photographs shows a sailor hat, we do see them listed in advertisements for the time period to help complete the outfit.

These images are from the Richardson-Sloane Special Collections Hostetler Collection of glass negatives. They may be found online at www.umvphotoarchive.org on the Davenport Public Library’s website.

We hope you enjoy this look back in time!

DPLVolume 227. Image dpl17128. Alfred H. Eckman c. 1918.

Young Alfred H. Eckman is featured in a sailor suit c. 1918. The longer pants with wide bottoms and U.S. Navy hat are meant to resemble uniforms worn by sailors. This more military style became popular during World War I. The long pants make the outfit unusual.

DPLVolume153. Image dplx720d. Bahnsen Family. c. 1910.

The children of Frank W. Bahnsen are pictured with an older adult female about 1910. Two of the three boys wear sailor suits. The boy in front appears to be wearing knicker pants with dark cotton or wool stockings. The older boy in back looks about 12 or 13. We can’t see his pants, but his shirt, collar, and tie is a replica of those worn by adult men of the time period. The younger boys have matching stripes on their collars and cuff along with the anchor detail on their shirt or dickey.

DPLVolume227. Image dplx433a. Envelope labeled M. Potter. c. 1910.

While we don’t know who these children are yet, we can see the two younger girls in front have variations of the sailor dress, or middy dress as it was also known. The shorter girl’s dress features side buttons down the front. Both have matching embroidery on the dress and the dicky or shirt underneath. Though it would have been in fashion, the tallest girl is wearing a different style dress from the shorter girls.

DPLVolume54. Image dplx522. Frederic G. Homer. c. 1910.

Frederic G. Homer was about 6 or 7 years old in 1910 when this portrait was taken. This sailor suit shows a heavier fabric than the summer linen suits, but remains traditional with a white dickey or shirt underneath with the anchor emblem. The sleeves also have tucks which make it more elaborate than the traditional straight sleeves we usually see with boys’ sailor suits. It appears there were dark buttons on the front of the outfit as well supporting the elaborate feeling.

DPLVolume269. Images dpl17457b and dpl17457. Laurence B. Morrissey c. 1918.

Laurence B. Morrissey was about 3 when these pictures were taken in 1918. With the bare legs and no dickey or undershirt it gives the feel of a warmer weather photo. The straight short pants most likely falling to his knees or slightly above. The cuffs, back of the collar (or tar flap), and portions of the sleeves and pant legs show color. The buttons around the front waist of the outfit may be ornamental or functional in nature. It is hard to tell from the image.

DPLVolume247. Image dpl17290b. Miss Erna Reistein. c. 1918.

Miss Erna Reistein was about 12 or 13 years old when this picture was taken. It appears to be for a graduation or Confirmation. This is a lovely example of the sailor suit. The suit jacket appears to have a loose belt round the middle and the collar features a bow in front. The longer length of skirt fits a young girl moving from the shorter dresses of childhood, but not yet needing the longer dresses of an adult. On a side note, we love her shoes!

DPLVolume87. Image dplx843. Charles Dunn written on envelope. c. 1912.

We thought we would end with this image taken about 1912. While this might be a husband, wife, and son. The young appearance of the man and woman lead us to feel it might possibly be a sibling portrait. We do not see a wedding ring on the woman’s hand, but we might also not be able to see it clearly. We thought this image gave a good view of styles from the time period. It provides a nice look at the knicker shorts of the boy’s sailor suit along with the length of the collar in back. His look is completed by socks and high top shoes.

(posted by Amy D.)

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