Last month we covered the Spanish language and the resources offered by The Library. This month, we’ll take a look at French. While not a commonly spoken language here in the Quad Cities, or even in Iowa, French is the 5th most spoken language in the world. With 321 million speakers (111 million who speak it as their mother tongue), French speakers make up 3.6% of the world population. French is also the 4th most used language on the internet (Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs) and is one of the only languages with speakers on every continent. With 74 French-speaking countries, French is considered a world language. Only 39 countries and independent states use French as their official or common language (Worlddata.info) and the language is at least partly spoken as a mother tongue in as many as 12 other countries.
It’s no surprise that France boasts the most native speakers – almost 64 million. There is a heavy presence of French speakers in Europe (31% of Europeans), especially in countries bordering France. French is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union (EU) and is also one of the official languages of multiple international organizations headquartered in Europe including the International Olympic Committee, the International Criminal Court, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Due to its popularity and utility around the world, French is popular with those learning a second language – around 51 million current learners (Organization of International Francophonie – OIF).
But, would it surprise you to know that almost 62% of French speakers live in Africa (North Africa, Near East and Sub-Saharan Africa)? In fact, the country with the second highest number of French speakers is the Democratic Republic of the Congo – almost 49 million. In total, there are 20 French-speaking countries in Africa that list French as their official or co-official language. And, in many countries around the world where French is spoken but is not the official language, French is used as the language of instruction or as an administrative language (Worlddata.info). The remaining top ten French-speaking countries (based on millions of speakers) are: Algeria (15M), Morocco (13.5M), Germany (12.3M), Italy (11.8M), Cameroon (11.5M), United Kingdom (11.3M), Canada (11.1M), and Ivory Coast with 9.3M (OIF). All of these countries rank higher in numbers of French speakers than even Belgium – the #2 French-speaking European country. Belgium has only 8.8M speakers.
Closer to home, roughly 11 million (21%) of Canadians speak French as their first language, the majority those residing in Québec (Worlddata.info). French has a foothold in the United States as well, gaining ground during the colonial period and after several waves of immigrants during both world wars and then followed by immigration from large groups of French-speakers from African countries in the 1980s. It is the third most spoken foreign language in the U.S. (after Spanish and Chinese), with over 2 million U.S. households speaking French (census.gov). That is less than 1% of the population. The majority of U.S. French speakers reside in Louisiana (2% of its population), most of them living in or around the New Orleans area. And, many of those actually speak Cajun French or Louisiana Creole, which are French dialects that developed through combining elements of French with other languages. Patois is also a dialect of French that is spoken in the U.S. (ncesc.com). Besides New Orleans, other major U.S. cities with large French-speaking populations are Honolulu, Miami, New York, and Chicago.
In Iowa, roughly 7,500 people speak French at home (statisticalatlas.com) – the majority of whom are foreign-born French speakers hailing from West and Central Africa, especially the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda. According to a 2021 report by the Iowa Department of Human Rights and Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, of the 12 most common world languages found across Iowa Counties, French is spoken in 22 of them. It is the fourth most commonly spoken foreign language in Iowa and is one of the 10 foreign languages spoken in Scott County with just under 400 speakers (MLA Language Map Data Center). There are roughly the same number or French speakers in Rock Island County, on the Illinois side of the Quad Cities. While French is not a commonly spoken language in America, it is a commonly studied language and is a good choice for second language acquisition.
Here’s just a sampling of the FREE resources available to you at The Library as you learn French. See our online catalog or ask a Librarian for more resources.
FOR A QUICK INTRODUCTION TO THE LANGUAGE:
French in a flash : grammar and vocabulary fundamentals by Barbara Boyer
15-minute French : learn in just 12 weeks by Caroline Lemoine
Get talking French in ten days : audio course by Jean-Claude Arragon
FOR A MORE LAID-BACK APPROACH:
Short stories in French : read for pleasure at your level and learn French the fun way by Olly Richards
Learn French with short stories : fifteen beginner stories with parallel French & English text
#Language hacking French : a conversation course for beginners by Benny Lewis
Teach your dog French by Anne Cakebreak
50 French coffee breaks : short activities to improve your French one cup at a time
IF YOU ARE A VISUAL LEARNER:
French English illustrated dictionary by Thomas Booth
The Firefly French/English visual dictionary by Jean Claude Corbeil
COMPLETE LANGUAGE COURSES:
Complete French by Gaëlle Graham
Collins easy learning French complete audio course by Rosi McNab
Learn Canadian French : for basic to advanced level French speakers by Pierre Lévesque
And, a Davenport Public Library cardholder, you have FREE access to the language learning program, Mango Languages.
FOR THOSE WHO PLAN TO TRAVEL:
Rick Steves’ French phrase book & dictionary by Rick Steves
French phrase book & dictionary
NEXT MONTH… LEARN A LANGUAGE — Part 4 — GERMAN